วันศุกร์ที่ 17 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2553

Or perhaps you enjoy celebrity gossip.

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JUBA –  After the sound of gunfire fell silent in Southern Sudan, marking the end of one of Africa’s longest running civil wars, Pio Kowr Ding decided he would return home to the autonomous region to take up an agricultural research job with the government.



With a masters degree in soil and land evaluation, and experience working for the Agricultural Research Corporation’s Land and Water Research Center (LWRC) in Khartoum, Ding was keen to help the region rebuild its agricultural research. But when he arrived in 2008 he realised that the task was actually to start from scratch and the living conditions were tough.


“It is very discouraging — completely the opposite of life outside here — and it is difficult to cope,” he says.


Although peace returned to Southern Sudan in 2005, several economically vital sectors in the region lag behind, even as the clock ticks towards the expiry of the five-year lifespan of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the north and the south.


As well as claiming 2.5 million lives, the war also drove 4 million people out of the region.


Attracting scientists back is proving tricky. A drive to lure scientists back to rebuild Southern Sudan’s agriculture has attracted just seven researchers so far.


“Those of us who found courage and returned cannot even find research equipment or facilities like the ones we had in the diaspora,” says Ding. “That is why a lot of my friends and colleagues are still there.


Worried by the dismal performance of the sector, Southern Sudan’s government has now looked abroad and brought in the renowned agricultural research scientist and plant pathologist, Joseph Mukiibi, the founder of Uganda’s National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), to run a new research institute.


The region ‘could feed East Africa’


Mukiibi, who once led NARO’s research on food crops, forestry and livestock, is now spearheading the re-establishment of a strategic agricultural research plan in Southern Sudan.


“We are to re-establish what existed before, we have to see what is on the ground, what network, which model do we want that will suit Southern Sudan best,” he says.


The government needs to start training its own people, or tap cheaper labour from neighbouring areas, he says.


“This region has a population of ten million people in an area three times the size of Uganda, which has 32 million people. A lot of Southern Sudan is empty land: if the government is serious, it can start agricultural projects here that can feed the rest of East Africa.


The real key, however, is to attract scientists back because, he believes, modern agriculture cannot succeed without research. Mukiibi believes the region has an untapped seam of highly qualified nationals who continue to live abroad.


“Very few people in the diaspora would be willing to leave their plum jobs and comfortable lifestyles to come back home. You can imagine that after 20 years of war, education is limited, people and resources are just not here, and those who are coming back need some time to settle back in.”


Making a start


And the working environment is indeed far from inviting. He recounts the grim state of a former research station in the town of Yei.


“I can tell you it’s empty, in a sorrowful state. There is a lab but it is in darkness. There is nobody and no research equipment, just some dilapidated staff houses, which are empty,” Mukiibi says.


“Can you imagine someone in the diaspora who has a fully functioning lab with running tap water and electricity? And you’re telling him to come to the bush where there is no power, and where he can run out of water and not even have a pit latrine?”


Many Sudanese scientists are proud of their nation but that is not enough. “They cannot eat nationalism,” Mukiibi says.


Human resources are limited but we will start with what we have. We will start small, with one centre, make it functional and, with the experience we get there, we will move to the next centre, learning from mistakes and strengths. We will ultimately build the system.”


Foreign input, indigenous priority


Mukiibi compares the Southern Sudanese experience to that of Rwanda after its civil war and genocide in the early 1990s. The Rwandans “opened up and got people from Uganda and Kenya even as they returned to be trained to take over the operations of their research institutes”, he says.


His team is now developing the strategic research plan, which must be completed by March 2011. It will be based on that of Kenya’s Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) and Uganda’s NARO, and it will be put out for discussion with stakeholders at every step — “that way, you have many chances of having it implemented”.


Other than Mukiibi and Ding, the team comprises a plant breeder, an entomologist, a horticulturalist and an agronomist, all of them Southern Sudanese who have returned since the war ended.


Loro George Leju Lugor, director general of research, training and extension services at Southern Sudan’s agriculture and forestry ministry, makes these points about the plan:


“First, we do not want to rely on imported seeds year in, year out. Second, we want to upgrade our national germplasm of indigenous crops. And third, we want to improve crop production technology for our own consumption and export.”


He says the emphasis should be on indigenous crops in the region’s six agro-ecological zones: green belt, iron-stone plateau, flat plains, Nile-Sobat River, hills and mountains, and semi-arid areas.


Moving into production


At the newly established research unit, Lugor says that seed production and the creation of a database of all locally grown crops will be a priority.


“We are distributing seeds proven to do very well in the agro-ecological zones after importing them from Uganda and Kenya,” Lugor says.


“The production of our own, locally bred seeds, and their distribution to farmers is not something we can do within a year: it will take two to three years to be fully established due to the many challenges involved in conducting research work in the situation we have in Southern Sudan,” he concedes.


Like Mukiibi, Lugor says challenges range from financial constraints, the diversity of the country, and lack of infrastructure and manpower.


Without returning professionals, he says, the region lacks the “think tanks” needed to plan and execute agricultural research work.


“We are making proposals to international research organisations and bilateral partners but it’s not easy to get the money needed. For example, we budgeted for US$56 million but have received a small fraction of this, so we are prioritising the crops and seeds we need to produce and develop.”


A number of non-governmental organisations and bilateral partners including the Dutch government, the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, and World Bank and the US Agency for International Development partners have offered to assist in the research, says Lugor.


Others that have expressed interest, he adds, include international research organisations such as KARI, the International Livestock Research Institute in Kenya, the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa, in Uganda, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, in Kenya, and the Kenya Forestry Research Institute.


The seven researchers who have made it home no doubt await these developments with great interest.


By Paul Jimbo - SciDev.Net




Research In Motion Reports Third Quarter Results


WATERLOO, ONTARIO — (Marketwire) — 12/16/10 — Research In Motion Limited (RIM) (NASDAQ: RIMM)(TSX: RIM), a world leader in the mobile communications market, today reported record third quarter results for the three months ended November 27, 2010 (all figures in U.S. dollars and U.S. GAAP).


Highlights:



  • Record BlackBerry(R) smartphone shipments of 14.2 million grew 40% over the same quarter last year

  • Revenue grew 40% over the same quarter last year to $5.5 billion

  • Q3 Earnings per share of $1.74 were up 58% over the same quarter last year

  • Cash increased by $446 million to $2.5 billion at the end of the quarter


Q3 Results:


Revenue for the third quarter of fiscal 2011 was $5.49 billion, up 19% from $4.62 billion in the previous quarter and up 40% from $3.92 billion in the same quarter of last year. The revenue breakdown for the quarter was approximately 82% for devices, 15% for service, and 3% for software and other revenue. During the quarter, RIM shipped approximately 14.2 million devices.


Approximately 5.1 million net new BlackBerry(R) subscriber accounts were added in the quarter. At the end of the quarter, the total BlackBerry subscriber account base was over 55 million.


“We are pleased to report another record quarter with strong growth in shipments of BlackBerry smartphones leading to record revenue, subscriber additions and earnings. RIM’s business continues to grow and diversify as BlackBerry adoption accelerates in markets around the world,” said Jim Balsillie, Co-CEO at Research In Motion. “With strong results and momentum from our recent product introductions, as well as growing excitement from our partners and customers around upcoming smartphone, tablet, software and service offerings, we are setting the stage for continuing success.”


The Company’s net income for the quarter was $911.1 million, or $1.74 per share diluted, compared with net income of $796.7 million, or $1.46 per share diluted, in the prior quarter and net income of $628.4 million, or $1.10 per share diluted, in the same quarter last year.


The total of cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments was $2.47 billion as of November 27, 2010, compared to $2.03 billion at the end of the previous quarter, an increase of $446 million from the prior quarter. Cash flow from operations in Q3 was approximately $975 million. Uses of cash included capital expenditures of approximately $300 million, common share repurchases of approximately $133 million, and intangible asset purchases of approximately $45 million.


Q4 Outlook:


Revenue for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011 ending February 26, 2011 is expected to be in the range of $5.5-$5.7 billion. Gross margin percentage for the fourth quarter is expected to be similar to third quarter levels. Earnings per share for the fourth quarter are expected to be in the range of $1.74-$1.80 per share diluted.


Update on RIM’s Board of Directors:


RIM announced today that its board of directors has appointed co-Chief Executive Officers Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis as co-chairmen of the board. John Richardson remains as lead independent director of RIM and will continue to facilitate the functioning of the board independently of management. The board believes these appointments, in conjunction with Mr. Richardson serving as lead independent director, represent an appropriate and effective leadership structure for RIM. RIM also announced today that Jim Estill has resigned his position as a director of RIM due to a business conflict. RIM thanks Mr. Estill for his 13 years of serviceon the board.


Conference Call and Webcast:


A conference call and live webcast will be held beginning at 5 pm ET, December 16, 2010, which can be accessed by dialing 800-814-4859 (North America), 416-644-3414 (outside North America). The replay of the company’s Q3 conference call can be accessed after 7 pm ET, December 16, 2010 until midnight ET, December 30, 2010. It can be accessed by dialing 416-640-1917 and entering passcode 4310313#. The conference call will also appear on the RIM website live at 5 pm ET and will be archived at http://www.rim.com/investors/events/index.shtml.





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sport promote

วันศุกร์ที่ 12 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

Often people gravitate to people similar to themselves.

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Stem cell research continues to be controversial topic among all aspects of the population. From scientists to politicians, the debate rages on with full force. For many, there is an obvious understanding of the long term biomedical benefits to stem cell research but at issue is the ethical debate.

Since much of middle America does not fully understand the issues at debate involving stem cell research, it is important, especially with the up and coming elections, to become familiar with the issue of concern. Adult stem cells are the cells that may provide the ability for those with disease or injury to repair or regenerate damage tissue through use of healthy tissue.

At issue is the origin of stem cells, while cells can be obtained from adult healthy tissue and umbilical cord tissue, the issue of debate involves the use of embryos as a method by which to obtain stem cells. While we use the term "adult" to describe stem cells, these cell samples can be obtained from placenta, umbilical cord and even aborted or still born fetuses.

The issue of concern involves the ethical use of pregnancy tissue, fetal tissue and embryo tissue to create stem cells for use in curing disease. Going one step further, there is added concern over the success of stem cells, in curing disease, unless taken from specific areas of the body. For example, in most research it has been found that stem cells most effective in biomedical research would come from the epidermal layer of skin, the germ cells, the gastrointestinal tract and the blood cells.

Biomedical research, however, desires approval for government funding into the continued research of stem cell use in other human tissue samples. The concern, from a political and ethical standpoint, is the tendency to use human lives as studies for which the life may be affected, even resulting in death, or using humans to acquire tissue samples that, ultimately, prove ineffective in stem cell research and disease resolution.

There are many dynamics and facets to the stem cell research debate. This is only a brief synopsis of the political, biomedical and ethical issues of concern. When considering your personal view on stem cell research, it may be prudent to vote for political candidates who carry your same opinion with regard to government funding into stem cell research. While many countries are moving forward with stem cell research, it will be the American voter who may determine the direction of stem cell research in the United States.




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411 Web Directory

วันอังคารที่ 9 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

research methods in physical activity

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July 24, 2006: In May 2006, the American Diabetes Association publicly urged the United States Senate to lift restrictions on stem cell research, and to pass the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005. It had been stalled in the Senate for over a year, despite strong bi-partisan support.

The bill is no longer stalled. This past Tuesday, the bill was passed by a 67-37 vote, again, with strong support from both parties. The next day, President George W. Bush vetoed the bill.

In the first ever veto issued by the President, after 5½ years in office, embryonic stem cell researchers and patients living with myriad diseases and debilitating conditions were disappointed in their quest for better federal funding for research.

Hours after the veto was issued, the House of Representatives convened to hold a vote to override. They fell 51 votes short of the 286 required to override the veto.

Surrounding himself with adopted babies born from frozen embryos, Bush announced his veto of the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act from the East Room of the White House. “These boys and girls are not spare parts,” he said. “They remind us of that is lost when embryos are destroyed in the name of research.”

“This bill would support the taking of innocent human life in the hope of finding medical benefits for others,” said President Bush.

Advocates for the bill ranging from patients and researchers to politicians on both sides of the political fence cried “foul,” Republican California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and former first lady Nancy Reagan among them, both of whom urged the president to reconsider his position.

According to the San Francisco Chronicle, the day after the veto, Governor Schwarzenegger authorized $150 million in loans to California’s stem cell agency, a move that quadrupled the amount of money the agency had previously had access to for their embryonic stem cell research.

Nationally, however, the sting has been deeply felt by those invested in embryonic stem cell research and the potential outcomes of better funding for it. “We're just profoundly disappointed with the president's decision,” said pathologist Leo Furcht of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, president of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. “The fact that legitimate prospects are there for treating terrible diseases with these cells makes it very troubling.” (USA Today: July 20, 2006)

In a 2005 survey of 2,200 people conducted by the Genetics and Public Policy Center, 67% of people polled responded that they “approved” or “strongly approved” of embryonic stem cell research, according to USA Today. 

President Bush remained unmoved by public and political support for the issue. “It crosses a moral boundary that our decent society needs to respect,” said the President. “So, I vetoed it.”




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Proactiv Acne Treatment

วันศุกร์ที่ 5 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

research methods in psychology

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According to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) will grant $23 million a year, for seven years, to six new Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance.

The ultimate goal of the Centers of Excellence is to help the federal government prepare for and respond to influenza outbreaks, especially those that may lead to pandemics or worldwide epidemics as has been feared since the initial outbreak of H5N1 (avian influenza A) in China in 1997. The centers will work with NIAID's influenza surveillance program, both in the U.S. and worldwide, to learn more about influenza viruses - specifically how they cause disease and how the human immune system responds to them.

The media report says that St. Jude will also be involved in basic research, as well as surveillance of viruses. Dr. Robert Webster is a member of the Infectious Diseases department at St. Jude. With respect to this new contract, he said, "There are a variety of viruses to monitor besides the well-known H5N1. For example, H7N7 infected chicken industry workers in the Netherlands; and H9N2, which circulates in many global avian populations, also sporadically appears in humans."

This is not the first contract that St. Jude has had with NIAID. In 1999, two years after the avian flu outbreak in Hong Kong, St. Jude was awarded an NIAID contract to watch and study aquatic birds, especially ducks, and birds in live markets in Hong Kong. During this time, St. Jude was also involved in training others in the techniques of animal influenza surveillance and developing tests to detect and identify viruses. As a result of this work, St. Jude was also able to provide the NIAID with seed vaccines.

The media report says that influenza viruses will be monitored in several states and in more than a dozen countries over the next seven years. St. Jude will also monitor children in Hong Kong hospitals who are there for influenza and conduct surveillance in Southeast Asia in cases where children have been hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Dr. Richard Webby is an assistant member in the Division of Virology in the Infectious Diseases department at St. Jude. In the media report, he said that St. Jude's selection as a Center of Excellence "recognizes both the enormous contribution that St. Jude has made over the last several decades in the study of animal influenza viruses, as well as our leadership role in this area." That contribution is expected to continue in that St. Jude will also be involved in evaluating anti-viral drug treatments and causes of drug resistance during its work in the NIAID- funded program.

The other five hospitals also designated as Centers of Excellence are the University of California in Los Angeles, the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Emory University in Atlanta, Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York and the University of Rochester in Rochester, N.Y.

Source:

St. Jude media report, http://www.stjude.org/media/0,2561,453_2086_22870,00.html




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Best Web Directory

วันพุธที่ 3 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

Try to build your reputation with credibility.

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Blogging Heroes by stevegarfield





In today's society - where high-calorie foods and lack of exercise contribute to our expanding waistlines - many people turn to fad diets and unregulated supplements in an effort to drop excess weight and slide into a pair of skinny jeans. But science and experts have repeatedly informed us that these fad solutions aren't the smartest or best way to lose the flab.

So it's refreshing to visit www.RefrigeratorRaid.com, run by an anonymous blogger with the name of Midnight Raider, since it mixes weight loss and health news with practical advice and tips. You might find an article about making time for exercise in even the busiest schedules, or adding more vegetables to your daily diet. But you won't find any articles that promote fad supplements or diet pills.

Midnight Raider graciously agreed to an interview.

Morgan Vermeil:
Thank you for taking the time for this interview. I'm curious: Why "Midnight Raider"?

Midnight Raider:
My identity and the name of my blog are linked. I'm Midnight Raider because I often raid the refrigerator for a midnight snack.

Vermeil:
You raid the refrigerator at midnight? How do you stay so lean?

Midnight:
I make healthy choices, which is the same type of lifestyle I try to promote on my blog. Rather than eating cookies and brownies for a midnight snack, I choose things like fresh veggies, hummus and pita, or even a bowl of whole grain cereal.

Vermeil:
According to your "About Me" section of your blog, you used to be heavier. "Jiggle" was the word you used to describe your body. So what was your secret for losing the weight?

Midnight: No secret. It's all about healthy diet, moderating portions and exercising more. I know it's not as exciting and glamorous as those fad diets or pills that promise you'll lose thirty pounds in a week. But if you're looking for weight loss that will stay off, you need to lose it the smart way. You need to make a lifestyle change, not just a temporary diet change.

Vermeil:
So do you practice what you preach? Tell us about your exercise routine.

Midnight:
I get some type of exercise five or six days a week. Typically I run, lift weights, or do some martial arts drills. I mix it up, of course. Some days I do yoga, other days I jump on the elliptical machine. But I usually do some type of exercise for about an hour each day.

Vermeil:
And what about your diet? Do you eat healthy, too?

Midnight:
Well, food is my weakness, as my identity implies. But I try to eat as healthy as possible. I generally have five or six mini-meals a day instead of three big ones. I stick mostly with whole grains, veggies and lean protein sources like tofu. A typical breakfast for me would be plain oatmeal, fresh fruit and some walnuts. A typical dinner would be stir-fried broccoli, carrots and tofu served over some brown rice.

Vermeil: Wow! That's really healthy. Seems impossible to maintain.

Midnight:
It is. Although I don't like to call them "cheat" meals, there are plenty of occasions when I eat whatever I want. Pizza, pasta, mashed potatoes, homemade biscuits… I have a weakness for white, starchy foods! I never deprive myself. If I want it, I eat it. I just eat a small portion. A good diet is all about balance and moderation. If you crave a piece of chocolate, you should have it. Just pay attention to your body so you eat just enough to satisfy your physical craving, rather than overeating to satisfy an emotional need.

Vermeil: RefrigeratorRaid.com is a fairly new blog, yet you seem entirely devoted to it. You even update on weekends! What made you decide to start this blog, and why are you so dedicated?

Midnight: After I lost a few pounds and starting getting healthier, friends and family began asking for advice. Most of them were stuck on the ideas of fads or misguided information. They'd read headlines in the newspaper and think it was all truth. For example, not long ago there was a big study where the headlines said something like, "Low fat diet doesn't protect against cancer." And everyone around me was talking about it as if it were the gospel truth.

Vermeil:
And it wasn't?

Midnight:
No! Aside from the fact that this was only one study, many of the newspapers failed to report on a lot of the limitations of the research. The subject group consisted only of older women. None of the subjects actually stuck to their "low fat" diet. It was actually more of a "moderate fat" diet.

Vermeil:
What does that mean?

Midnight:
It means the newspapers were looking to write exciting headlines rather than really inform the public. When friends and family started talking to me about diet and fitness, I could tell they didn't really understand some of the things they'd been reading. And I know many people are confused by the conflicting health information they read in the newspaper and in magazines. So I thought a blog that discussed current health news - paired with practical advice - would help offer some guidance.

Vermeil:
How do you decide what to write about each day?

Midnight:
I pick the current news articles that I think will be most useful to my visitors.

Vermeil:
If your blog accomplishes just one thing, what do you hope it will be?

Midnight: Changing people's lives. Not a small task, right? But living healthy - whether it's by losing weight, or getting fit, or eating more nutritious foods - can make a difference in all aspects of our lives. It gives us more energy and more confidence. It allows us to be more effective in our careers, our relationships and our hobbies. We feel better about our lives because we're taking better care of our health. And something like that is really priceless.

Vermeil:
Any plans for RefrigeratorRaid.com's future?

Midnight:
It's just a baby right now - not even a toddler yet in "blog years." I'm dedicated to providing useful information to my readers. For now, that's my main focus.



Source article: News Blog and free blog headers and the Journal and Blogging Guides and free blog site
blog

วันอาทิตย์ที่ 31 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2553

research methods for the behavioral sciences

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You know how hard it is when a family pet goes missing, and then actually stays lost. There is the moment when you have to explain what's going on to the children, the part where you have to paste signs across the neighborhood, and the worst element - the waiting for your beloved bed to hopefully find its way back home. But now something even worse is happening as these 'lost pets' are being picked up and sold to universities for dissection and medical research in its science labs.

It's bad enough to tell your children that Sparky is lost, but it'd be much worse to tell them that Sparky is being dissected by the college students downtown. The Humane Society estimated that about 18,000 dogs and cats are picked up each year and then sold to university laboratories. Some of these animals are found through classified 'looking for a good home' adoption listings, and some are lost pets.

Those who scoop up the stray animals and sell them to labs are called Class B Dealers, and it is estimated that there are fewer of them around today than in the past, but they are still around. These Class B Dealers scour the streets of neighborhoods looking for dogs and cats that may have become lost from their homes. They also search the classified ads for animals that have been listed for adoption. The Humane Society estimates that 20% of all animals that are used in medical research labs come from these Class B Dealers

Animal advocacy groups are now hoping that it will be made illegal to sell strays for scientific purposes. However on the other side of the coin, medical research labs are arguing that animals that come from unknown origins are not used in their testings. Animal advocacy leaders are hoping that a change will be imminent. They believe that only animals that are donated by their owners, are not strays, or are living in a shelter should be given over to medical research labs.

Right now the bill, entitled 'Buck's Bill' after a black hound dog who was mistreated by a Class B Dealer, is still up for debate in Congress. Many people treat their pets as part of the family, almost as if they're just another relative. It is heart wrenching when a pet becomes lost, but at least if Buck's Bill were passed it would be a much less likely scenario that the cherished pet would end up in a medical laboratory.

Associated Press, " Humane Society Pushes to Ban Pet Sales to Labs." MSNBC News. URL: (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18662520/)




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Hostgatorstep

วันเสาร์ที่ 30 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2553

market research

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Today I am going to explain how to use internet for researching a paper. There are a lot of platforms on which you can research about whatever you want like Google, and Yahoo etc. I will prefer Google because it has bunch of staff for any single article. You can't select Wikipedia for research because it is not creditable. So now choose a topic lets say Target Marketing and I will tell you how to give the references for this topic.

First you need to open a web page and give the address www.google.com and write the name of the article Target Market. It will show a bunch of results about this. Just click on any link and start reading. Here is definition of target marketing. According to Susan Ward (2008) "Target Marketing involves breaking a market into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments". This definition is of Susan Ward. It is updated in 2008. This is an example of citation in body.

Start the research for target by population, families, genders, occupations, educations, etc. this is demographic information. Now you will need geographic information like are people like to spend most time out door? What is the weather? Are these people conservative with their money? These kinds of researches will help to find target (Allbusiness, 2008). This is an example of online source. The name of website is all business. And it is updated in 2008.

Market research tell us price is not most important factor customers look at repair service, warranty, performance, and brand name etc. That means price is not enough to think about. A lot of other factors need concentration (Deana, 2007). This is an example of book article reference. The author's name is Deana. It is written in 2007. And the whole reference is listed below.

Mass market retailer is a newspaper which has article of target marketing. They say that before starting any business target the market is one of the important steps. This newspaper is committed to provide the researched informational (MMR, 2008). This is an example of newspaper article. It is published in 2008.

References:

Susan Ward, (2008). Definition of target marketing. Retrieved on September 12, 2008 from http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/marketing/g/targetmarketing.htm

Allbusiness, (2008). Research target. Retrieved on September 12, 2008 from http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing/segmentation-targeting/848-1.html

Deana, (2007). Products & services, Jennyann Noack, Plan.Target.Market, 123Module 3.

MMR, (September 08, 2008). Target market. MassMarkerRetailer.com. Retrieved on September 12, 2008 from http://www.massmarketretailers.com/articles/Target_will.html




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