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Stem cell research continues to be controversial topic among all aspects of the population. From scientists to politicians, the debate rages on with full force. For many, there is an obvious understanding of the long term biomedical benefits to stem cell research but at issue is the ethical debate.

Since much of middle America does not fully understand the issues at debate involving stem cell research, it is important, especially with the up and coming elections, to become familiar with the issue of concern. Adult stem cells are the cells that may provide the ability for those with disease or injury to repair or regenerate damage tissue through use of healthy tissue.

At issue is the origin of stem cells, while cells can be obtained from adult healthy tissue and umbilical cord tissue, the issue of debate involves the use of embryos as a method by which to obtain stem cells. While we use the term "adult" to describe stem cells, these cell samples can be obtained from placenta, umbilical cord and even aborted or still born fetuses.

The issue of concern involves the ethical use of pregnancy tissue, fetal tissue and embryo tissue to create stem cells for use in curing disease. Going one step further, there is added concern over the success of stem cells, in curing disease, unless taken from specific areas of the body. For example, in most research it has been found that stem cells most effective in biomedical research would come from the epidermal layer of skin, the germ cells, the gastrointestinal tract and the blood cells.

Biomedical research, however, desires approval for government funding into the continued research of stem cell use in other human tissue samples. The concern, from a political and ethical standpoint, is the tendency to use human lives as studies for which the life may be affected, even resulting in death, or using humans to acquire tissue samples that, ultimately, prove ineffective in stem cell research and disease resolution.

There are many dynamics and facets to the stem cell research debate. This is only a brief synopsis of the political, biomedical and ethical issues of concern. When considering your personal view on stem cell research, it may be prudent to vote for political candidates who carry your same opinion with regard to government funding into stem cell research. While many countries are moving forward with stem cell research, it will be the American voter who may determine the direction of stem cell research in the United States.




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July 24, 2006: In May 2006, the American Diabetes Association publicly urged the United States Senate to lift restrictions on stem cell research, and to pass the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005. It had been stalled in the Senate for over a year, despite strong bi-partisan support.

The bill is no longer stalled. This past Tuesday, the bill was passed by a 67-37 vote, again, with strong support from both parties. The next day, President George W. Bush vetoed the bill.

In the first ever veto issued by the President, after 5½ years in office, embryonic stem cell researchers and patients living with myriad diseases and debilitating conditions were disappointed in their quest for better federal funding for research.

Hours after the veto was issued, the House of Representatives convened to hold a vote to override. They fell 51 votes short of the 286 required to override the veto.

Surrounding himself with adopted babies born from frozen embryos, Bush announced his veto of the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act from the East Room of the White House. “These boys and girls are not spare parts,” he said. “They remind us of that is lost when embryos are destroyed in the name of research.”

“This bill would support the taking of innocent human life in the hope of finding medical benefits for others,” said President Bush.

Advocates for the bill ranging from patients and researchers to politicians on both sides of the political fence cried “foul,” Republican California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and former first lady Nancy Reagan among them, both of whom urged the president to reconsider his position.

According to the San Francisco Chronicle, the day after the veto, Governor Schwarzenegger authorized $150 million in loans to California’s stem cell agency, a move that quadrupled the amount of money the agency had previously had access to for their embryonic stem cell research.

Nationally, however, the sting has been deeply felt by those invested in embryonic stem cell research and the potential outcomes of better funding for it. “We're just profoundly disappointed with the president's decision,” said pathologist Leo Furcht of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, president of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. “The fact that legitimate prospects are there for treating terrible diseases with these cells makes it very troubling.” (USA Today: July 20, 2006)

In a 2005 survey of 2,200 people conducted by the Genetics and Public Policy Center, 67% of people polled responded that they “approved” or “strongly approved” of embryonic stem cell research, according to USA Today. 

President Bush remained unmoved by public and political support for the issue. “It crosses a moral boundary that our decent society needs to respect,” said the President. “So, I vetoed it.”




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According to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) will grant $23 million a year, for seven years, to six new Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance.

The ultimate goal of the Centers of Excellence is to help the federal government prepare for and respond to influenza outbreaks, especially those that may lead to pandemics or worldwide epidemics as has been feared since the initial outbreak of H5N1 (avian influenza A) in China in 1997. The centers will work with NIAID's influenza surveillance program, both in the U.S. and worldwide, to learn more about influenza viruses - specifically how they cause disease and how the human immune system responds to them.

The media report says that St. Jude will also be involved in basic research, as well as surveillance of viruses. Dr. Robert Webster is a member of the Infectious Diseases department at St. Jude. With respect to this new contract, he said, "There are a variety of viruses to monitor besides the well-known H5N1. For example, H7N7 infected chicken industry workers in the Netherlands; and H9N2, which circulates in many global avian populations, also sporadically appears in humans."

This is not the first contract that St. Jude has had with NIAID. In 1999, two years after the avian flu outbreak in Hong Kong, St. Jude was awarded an NIAID contract to watch and study aquatic birds, especially ducks, and birds in live markets in Hong Kong. During this time, St. Jude was also involved in training others in the techniques of animal influenza surveillance and developing tests to detect and identify viruses. As a result of this work, St. Jude was also able to provide the NIAID with seed vaccines.

The media report says that influenza viruses will be monitored in several states and in more than a dozen countries over the next seven years. St. Jude will also monitor children in Hong Kong hospitals who are there for influenza and conduct surveillance in Southeast Asia in cases where children have been hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Dr. Richard Webby is an assistant member in the Division of Virology in the Infectious Diseases department at St. Jude. In the media report, he said that St. Jude's selection as a Center of Excellence "recognizes both the enormous contribution that St. Jude has made over the last several decades in the study of animal influenza viruses, as well as our leadership role in this area." That contribution is expected to continue in that St. Jude will also be involved in evaluating anti-viral drug treatments and causes of drug resistance during its work in the NIAID- funded program.

The other five hospitals also designated as Centers of Excellence are the University of California in Los Angeles, the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Emory University in Atlanta, Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York and the University of Rochester in Rochester, N.Y.

Source:

St. Jude media report, http://www.stjude.org/media/0,2561,453_2086_22870,00.html




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In today's society - where high-calorie foods and lack of exercise contribute to our expanding waistlines - many people turn to fad diets and unregulated supplements in an effort to drop excess weight and slide into a pair of skinny jeans. But science and experts have repeatedly informed us that these fad solutions aren't the smartest or best way to lose the flab.

So it's refreshing to visit www.RefrigeratorRaid.com, run by an anonymous blogger with the name of Midnight Raider, since it mixes weight loss and health news with practical advice and tips. You might find an article about making time for exercise in even the busiest schedules, or adding more vegetables to your daily diet. But you won't find any articles that promote fad supplements or diet pills.

Midnight Raider graciously agreed to an interview.

Morgan Vermeil: Thank you for taking the time for this interview. I'm curious: Why "Midnight Raider"?

Midnight Raider: My identity and the name of my blog are linked. I'm Midnight Raider because I often raid the refrigerator for a midnight snack.

Vermeil: You raid the refrigerator at midnight? How do you stay so lean?

Midnight: I make healthy choices, which is the same type of lifestyle I try to promote on my blog. Rather than eating cookies and brownies for a midnight snack, I choose things like fresh veggies, hummus and pita, or even a bowl of whole grain cereal.

Vermeil: According to your "About Me" section of your blog, you used to be heavier. "Jiggle" was the word you used to describe your body. So what was your secret for losing the weight?

Midnight: No secret. It's all about healthy diet, moderating portions and exercising more. I know it's not as exciting and glamorous as those fad diets or pills that promise you'll lose thirty pounds in a week. But if you're looking for weight loss that will stay off, you need to lose it the smart way. You need to make a lifestyle change, not just a temporary diet change.

Vermeil: So do you practice what you preach? Tell us about your exercise routine.

Midnight: I get some type of exercise five or six days a week. Typically I run, lift weights, or do some martial arts drills. I mix it up, of course. Some days I do yoga, other days I jump on the elliptical machine. But I usually do some type of exercise for about an hour each day.

Vermeil: And what about your diet? Do you eat healthy, too?

Midnight:Well, food is my weakness, as my identity implies. But I try to eat as healthy as possible. I generally have five or six mini-meals a day instead of three big ones. I stick mostly with whole grains, veggies and lean protein sources like tofu. A typical breakfast for me would be plain oatmeal, fresh fruit and some walnuts. A typical dinner would be stir-fried broccoli, carrots and tofu served over some brown rice.

Vermeil: Wow! That's really healthy. Seems impossible to maintain.

Midnight: It is. Although I don't like to call them "cheat" meals, there are plenty of occasions when I eat whatever I want. Pizza, pasta, mashed potatoes, homemade biscuits… I have a weakness for white, starchy foods! I never deprive myself. If I want it, I eat it. I just eat a small portion. A good diet is all about balance and moderation. If you crave a piece of chocolate, you should have it. Just pay attention to your body so you eat just enough to satisfy your physical craving, rather than overeating to satisfy an emotional need.

Vermeil: RefrigeratorRaid.com is a fairly new blog, yet you seem entirely devoted to it. You even update on weekends! What made you decide to start this blog, and why are you so dedicated?

Midnight: After I lost a few pounds and starting getting healthier, friends and family began asking for advice. Most of them were stuck on the ideas of fads or misguided information. They'd read headlines in the newspaper and think it was all truth. For example, not long ago there was a big study where the headlines said something like, "Low fat diet doesn't protect against cancer." And everyone around me was talking about it as if it were the gospel truth.

Vermeil: And it wasn't?

Midnight: No! Aside from the fact that this was only one study, many of the newspapers failed to report on a lot of the limitations of the research. The subject group consisted only of older women. None of the subjects actually stuck to their "low fat" diet. It was actually more of a "moderate fat" diet.

Vermeil: What does that mean?

Midnight: It means the newspapers were looking to write exciting headlines rather than really inform the public. When friends and family started talking to me about diet and fitness, I could tell they didn't really understand some of the things they'd been reading. And I know many people are confused by the conflicting health information they read in the newspaper and in magazines. So I thought a blog that discussed current health news - paired with practical advice - would help offer some guidance.

Vermeil: How do you decide what to write about each day?

Midnight: I pick the current news articles that I think will be most useful to my visitors.

Vermeil: If your blog accomplishes just one thing, what do you hope it will be?

Midnight: Changing people's lives. Not a small task, right? But living healthy - whether it's by losing weight, or getting fit, or eating more nutritious foods - can make a difference in all aspects of our lives. It gives us more energy and more confidence. It allows us to be more effective in our careers, our relationships and our hobbies. We feel better about our lives because we're taking better care of our health. And something like that is really priceless.

Vermeil: Any plans for RefrigeratorRaid.com's future?

Midnight: It's just a baby right now - not even a toddler yet in "blog years." I'm dedicated to providing useful information to my readers. For now, that's my main focus.



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